¹ SAMHSA. (2005). National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2004.
² National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) website, www.drugabuse.gov and www.monitoringthefuture.org. The Monitoring the Future Study 2005.
³ Partnership for a Drug-Free America. (2005). Marijuana Report: Assessment of the National Anti-Drug Media Campaign.
⁴ Brook, JS; Balka, EB; and Whiteman, M. (1999). The risks for late adolescence of early adolescent marijuana use. American Journal of Public Health.
⁵ SAMHSA. (2005). National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2004.
⁶ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 2003.
⁷ Ibid.
⁸ Ibid.
⁹ SAMHSA. (2005). National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2004.
¹⁰ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 2003.
¹¹ Ibid.
¹² Ibid.
¹³ Ibid.
¹⁴ Vital Statistics of the United States, 1999, Vol. 1, Natality.
¹⁵ Partnership for a Drug-Free America. (2005). Marijuana Report: Assessment of the National Anti-Drug Media Campaign.
¹⁶ Metzler, Rusby and Biglan. (1999). Community builders for success: monitoring after-school activities. Oregon Research Institute.
¹⁷ SAMHSA. (2005). Perceived Parental Disapproval of Substance Use. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2004.
¹⁸ Hansen, W.B., Graham, J.W., Sobel, J.L., Shelton, D.R., Flay, B.R., & Johnson, C.A. (1987). The consistency of peer and parent influences on tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among young adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 10, 559-579; Brook, J.S., Brook, D.W., Gordon, A.S., Whiteman, M., & Cohen, P. (1990). The psychosocial etiology of adolescent drug use. A family intersectional approach. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 116(2); Jackson, C., Henriksen, L., Dickinson, D., & Levine, D.W. (1997). The early use of alcohol and tobacco: Its relation to children’s competence and parents’ behavior. American Journal of Public Health, 87(3/March), 359-364.
¹⁹ Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F. & Miller, J.Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 64-105; Biglan, T., Duncan, T.E., Ary, D.V. & Smolkowski, K. (1995). Peer and parental influences on adolescent tobacco use. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 18(4), 315-330.
²⁰ Partnership for a Drug-Free America. (2002) Partnership Attitude Tracking Study.
²¹ Hundleby, J.D., & Mercer, G.W. (1987). Family and friends as social environments and their relationship to young adolescents’ use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, 151-164; Resnick, M.D., Bearman, P.S., et al. (1997). Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study for Adolescent Health, Journal of the American Medical Association, 278(10): 823-832. As cited in Moore, K.A., Guzman, L., Hair, E., Lippman, L. & Garrett, S. (2004). Parent-teen relationships and interactions: Far more positive than not. Child Trends Research Brief, Publication 2004-25.
²² Miller, B.C. (1998). Families Matter: A research sysnthesis of family influences on adolescent pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.
²³ Umberson, D. (1992). Relationships between adult children and their parents: Psychological consequences for both generations. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, 664-674.
²⁴ Mann, A. (2003). Relationships matter: Impact of parental, peer factors on teen, young adult substance use. NIDA Notes, 18(2), August 2003.
²⁵ Kumpfer, K., Olds, D., Alexander, J., Zucker, R., & Gary, L. (1999). Family etiology of youth problems. In R.S. Ashery (Ed.), Research meeting on drug abuse prevention through family intervention. NIDA Research Monograph 177, pp. 42-78.
²⁶ SAMHSA. (2005). National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2004.
²⁷ SADD (Students Against Destructive Decisions) and Liberty Mutual. (2005). Teens Today 2005.
²⁸ Steinberg, L. (2001). We know some things: Parent-adolescent relationships in retrospect and prospect. Presidential Address. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11(1), 1-19. Lamborn, S., Mounts, N., Steinberg, L., & Dornbusch, S. (1991). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful homes. Child Development, 62, 1049-1065; Steinberg, L., Lamborn, S., Darling, N., Mounts, N., & Dornbusch, S. (1994). Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful families. Child Development, 65, 754-770; and Steinberg, L., Lamborn, S., Dornbusch, S., & Darling, N. (1992). Impact of parenting practices on adolescent adjustment: Authoritative parenting, school involvement, and encouragement to succeed. Child Development, 63, 1266-1281.